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longnose gar
The longnose gar (''Lepisosteus osseus'') is a primitive ray-finned fish of the gar family. It is also known as the needlenose gar. ''L. osseus'' is found along the east coast of North and Central America in freshwater lakes and as far west as Kansas and Texas and southern New Mexico. The gar have been present in North America for about 100 million years.〔McGrath, P.E., E.J. Hilton (2011). Sexual dimorphism in longnose gar ''Lepisosteus osseus. Journal of Fish Biology'' 80(2)335-345.〕
==Distribution==
Fossils have been found in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America dating back 100 million years. Currently, longnose gar are found in Central America, Cuba, North America, and the Isles of Pines.〔Wiley, E.O. (1976). The phylogeny and biogeography of fossil and recent gars (Actinopterygii: Lepisosteidae). Miscellaneous Publication, University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History 64.〕 Longnose gar are frequently found in fresh water in the eastern half of the United States, but some gar were found in salinities up to 31 ppt.〔Uhler, P.R. & O. Lugger. (1876). List of fishes of Maryland. Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries of Maryland, to the General Assembly〕 Their microhabitats consist of areas near downed trees, stone outcrops, and vegetation.〔Suttkus, R.D. (1963). Order Lepisostei. In: ''Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Memoir 1, Part Three, of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research'' (H. B. Bigelow, C. M. Cohen, G. W. Mead, D. Merriman, Y. H. Olsen, W. C. Schroeder, L. P. Schultz, and J. Tee-Van, eds.), pp. 61-88. New Haven, CT: Yale University.〕 The decline of their population is mainly due to human manipulation of aquatic systems.
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